About me...

My name is Luz Valladares I was born on October 30 in 1992 in the city of Tegucigalpa, Honduras and I'm 17 years old. I love Psychology class and my teacher.. Mr. Dougherty. I'm in the American School of Tegucigalpa since seventh grade and is an awesome school. I love music, to be with my friends and have so much fun. I'm in my school band and I play the flute, I have three siblings and I love my family and friends.

What should we depend on other one's opininon?

There was a not attractive girl in middle shool who just had like 3 friends and most of her classmates ignore her. She had a crushed in a handsome boy of her class but she didn't know how to tell him what she feels. She was scared because she didn't know what was he going to tell her or how will he react. One day she got so confient of herself and decided to talk to him, she say how she loved him and if he wanted to be her boyfriend. He said she was no attractive for him and he did'dt want something with her. The girl got in a depression the last so many days, she did't want to go to her school anymore because she feel so ugly and bad.

She decided not to talk to any boy in all her life. She won't get married with anyone and never asked other boy to be more than friends. Since this one rejcted her, she thought all of the boy though the same and that no one was going to pay attention to her. No one will like to be her boyfriend and that make her feel depressed and make the decision of staying single for the rest of her life.

We should't depend of other one's opinions, everyone has their attractiveness and not all the persons think the same of you, for some you can be cute.

"I believe that traditional wisdom is incomplete. A composer can have all the talent of Mozart and a passionate desire to succeed, but if he believes he cannot compose music, he will come to nothing. He will not try hard enough. He will give up too soon when the elusive right melody takes too long to materialize."

Martin Seligman founded the field of positive psychology in 2000, and has devoted his career since then to furthering the study of positive emotion, positive character traits, and positive institutions. It's a fascinating field of study that had few empirical, scientific measures -- traditional clinical psychology focusing more on the repair of unhappy states than the propagation and nurturing of happy ones. In his pioneering work, Seligman directs the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania, developing clinical tools and training the next generation of positive psychologists.

His earlier work focused on perhaps the opposite state: learned helplessness, in which a person feels he or she is powerless to change a situation that is, in fact, changeable. Seligman is an often-cited authority in this field as well -- in fact, his is the 13th most likely name to pop up in a general psych textbook. He was the leading consultant on a Consumer Reports study on long-term psychotherapy, and has developed several common pre-employment tests, including the Seligman Attributional Style Questionnaire (SASQ).

Seligman Theory influenced on psychologist research of depression in the 1970s. he accidentally discovered helplessness when he was studying the effects of inescapable shock in dogs. he restrained dogs in a Pavlovian harness and administered several shocks paired with conditioned stimulus just like classical conditioning. Later they were placed in a shuttle-box where they could avoid shock by jumping over a barrier. This was also used in the operant conditioning learning. The experiment have problems because most of the dogs failed to learned how to avoid the shocks they were receiving.

An example of learned helplessness can be observe in school classrooms. An student is free to stand up and go to the bathroom or to leave the building and make some fun during the class. They also realized this acting can cause them punishment and they learned that the best to do during class is to stay in their chair an pay close attention. This form helps the teachers and instructors to control a big group during class and students eventually regain a sense of control over themselves.

Another example during class time can be also, students standing up making fun and leaving the class and the teacher just stop and leave them making whatever they want because he realizes punishment does not make a difference in them. Later they just stop acting like that because they feel there is no importance of the teacher and they don't like it.

What is Learned Helplessness?

Learned helplessness can be seen as a coping mechanism some people employ in order to survive difficult or abusive circumstances. An abused child or spouse may eventually learn to remain passive and compliant at the hands of his or her abuser, since efforts to fight back or escape appear futile. Even if an opportunity to report or escape the abuse arises, many victims of long-term abuse choose to remain in the relationship because of learned helplessness.

"Whether or not we have hope depends on two dimensions of our explanatory style; pervasiveness and permanence. Finding temporary and specific causes for misfortune is the art of hope: Temporary causes limit helplessness in time, and specific causes limit helplessness to the original situation. On the other hand, permanent causes produce helplessness far into the future, and universal causes spread helplessness through all your endeavors. Finding permanent and universal causes for misfortune is the practice of despair... The optimistic style of explaining good events is the opposite of that used for bad events: It's internal rather than external. People who believe they cause good things tend to like themselves better than people who believe good things come from other people or circumstances."
~ Martin Seligman